As with any other surgical procedure, complications may arise after liver transplantation.

Bleeding:

There is a small risk of bleeding from the place where the donor and recipient blood vessels were sewn together (anastamosis site). This is minimized by monitoring clotting factors in the blood after surgery and by measuring the output in the drains placed at the time of surgery.

Hepatic Artery Thrombosis:

A clot can form in the hepatic artery that can cause the liver to malfunction. We perform an ultrasound the day after surgery to look for this complication and monitor you throughout your postoperative course. If it is found, medications or surgical repair can minimize permanent damage and avoid retransplantation

Bile Duct Leaks:

The bile ducts from the new liver are sewn to a bile duct of the recipient or a piece of intestine. This connection can leak and drain into the abdomen and cause an infection. If a bile leak occurs a catheter may be inserted into the abdomen to allow the bile to drain externally. This is temporary and can usually be managed without surgery.

Rejection:

Your body will recognize your new organ as foreign and immune cells (lymphocytes) can attack the transplanted organ. Most patients experience some degree of rejection, but it is usually easily reversed with medications. The first rejection usually occurs during the first three month. You will be monitored closely during that time so early signs of rejection can be identified and treated. A biopsy of the liver may be necessary to diagnose the extent of the rejection and rule out any other problems. Results will determine which treatment is best for you.

Infection:

Your immune system is suppressed after a transplant making you more at risk for certain infections. We will prescribe medications to prevent the more common post transplant infections. You will need to monitor your temperature at home and make certain adjustments in your daily life to avoid harmful infections.